Advanced features
Windows Defender is shown here blocking Hotbar, a known adware bundler.
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Real-time protection
In the Windows Defender Options you can configure the Real-time Protection options:
Auto Start - Monitors lists of programs that are allowed to automatically run when you start your computer
System Configuration (settings) - Monitors security-related settings in Windows
Internet Explorer Add-ons - Monitors programs that automatically run when you start Internet Explorer
Internet Explorer Configurations (settings) - Monitors browser security settings
Internet Explorer Downloads - Monitors files and programs that are designed to work with Internet Explorer
Services and Drivers - Monitors services and drivers as they interact with Windows and your programs
Application Execution - Monitors when programs start and any operations they perform while running
Application Registration - Monitors tools and files in the operating system where programs can register to run at any time
Windows Add-ons - Monitors add-on programs (also known as software utilities) for Windows