You would treat the header as the top of an html page, and the footer as the bottom basically.
Ie: header.html could look something like this:
Code:
<html>
<head>
<title><?php echo $pagetitle; ?></title>
</head>
<body>
footer.html might look like this:
and your contents page, lets call it index.html might look like this:
Code:
<?php
$pagetitle = 'This is my page title';
include("header.html");
?>
This is my content on this page.<br />
This is my content on this page.<br />
This is my content on this page.<br />
<?php include("footer.html"); ?>
Notice I made the title tag dynamic per page. You can do the same thing for metatags, headings, etc.
You can use table or css layouts in headers and footer, such as left or right navigational columns, etc.