For smaller sites, the only way to to this is with a search in the following format:
site:yourdomain.com -xyz:yourdomain.com
xyz is a "fake" operator, you could also use allinurl or abc or whatever. I think using a fake query causes certain databases not to be queried, or causes queries to be limited to the current datacenter.
This query returns only the pages that are not in the supplementals. For small sites, this is fine, but if you have hundreds or thousands of pages, it can be impractical to determine the status of a particular page, although you can try specifying a directory in the site parameter.
SEO for Firefox seems to be using an old, deprecated query to show the number of pages in the supplemental results, and now returns the total number of pages in Google's full index, at least on the couple of sites I tested.