Re: Question on maleware
To your first question, by giving themselves access to the site. It is not extremely hard to gain unauthorized access to a web server that has not been properly secured. To be very blunt, if you are a webmaster and are asking this question, your site is not properly secured.
Sorry I can't give too much detail, but there are just so many ways. If you check my blog (see my sig) I cover a couple of light attacks and defenses, but most of my articles have been focusing on network security issues.
For your second question, there are computers on the internet known as "caching proxies". Typically they are used by dial-up service providers to give customers faster access to web sites - by storing local copies of the site content, they can respond faster than your server. As everyone moves to high speed connections, however, these are being used less and less. The other thing is search engines. They cache copies of the web sites they crawl, as does archive.org.
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